High-performance　polymers　have　proliferated　in　modern　society　across　a　variety　of　industries　because　of　their　low　density,　good　chemical　stability,　and　superior　mechanical　properties.　However,　while　polymers　are　widely　applied,　frequent　fire　disasters　induced　by　their　intrinsic　flammability　have　caused　massive　impacts　on　human　beings,　the　economy,　and　the　environment.　Supramolecular　chemistry　has　recently　been　intensively　researched　to　provide　fire　retardancy　for　polymers　via　the　physical　barrier　and　char-catalyzing　effects　of　supramolecular　aggregates.　In　parallel,　the　noncovalent　interactions　between　supramolecular　and　polymer　chains,　such　as　hydrogen　bonding,　π–π　interactions,　metal–ligand　coordination,　and　synergistic　interactions,　can　endow　the　matrix　with　enhanced　mechanical　strength.　This　makes　it　possible　to　integrate　physical–chemical　properties　and　noncovalent　interactions　into　one　supramolecular　aggregate-based　high-performance　polymeric　system　on　demand.　However,　fulfilling　these　promises　needs　more　research.　Here,　we　provide　an　overview　of　the　latest　research　advances　of　fire-retardant　and　high-strength　polymer　materials　based　on　supramolecular　structures　and　interactions　of　aggregates.　This　work　reviews　their　conceptual　design,　characterization,　modification　principles,　performances,　applications,　and　mechanisms.　Finally,　development　challenges　and　perspectives　on　future　research　are　also　discussed.　©　2024　The　Authors.　Aggregate　published　by　South　China　University　of　Technology;　AIE　Institute　and　John　Wiley　&　Sons　Australia,　Ltd.