Geopolymers　show　great　potential　in　complex　wastewater　treatment　to　improve　water　quality.　In　this　work,　general　geopolymers,　porous　geopolymers　and　geopolymer　microspheres　were　prepared　by　the　suspension　curing　method　using　three　solid　waste　products,　coal　gangue,　fly　ash　and　blast　furnace　slag.　The　microstructure,　morphology　and　surface　functional　groups　of　the　geopolymers　were　studied　by　SEM,　XRD,　XRF,　MIP,　FTIR　and　XPS.　It　was　found　that　the　geopolymers　possess　good　adsorption　capacities　for　both　organic　and　inorganic　pollutants.　With　methylene　blue　and　potassium　dichromate　as　the　representative　pollutants,　in　order　to　obtain　the　best　removal　rate,　the　effects　of　the　adsorbent　type,　dosage　of　adsorbent,　concentration　of　methylene　blue　and　potassium　dichromate　and　pH　on　the　adsorption　process　were　studied　in　detail.　The　results　showed　that　the　adsorption　efficiency　of　the　geopolymers　for　methylene　blue　and　potassium　dichromate　was　in　the　order　of　general　geopolymers　＜　porous　geopolymers　＜　geopolymer　microspheres,　and　the　removal　rates　were　up　to　94.56%　and　79.46%,　respectively.　Additionally,　the　competitive　adsorption　of　methylene　blue　and　potassium　dichromate　in　a　binary　system　was　also　studied.　The　mechanism　study　showed　that　the　adsorption　of　methylene　blue　was　mainly　through　pore　diffusion,　hydrogen　bond　formation　and　electrostatic　adsorption,　and　the　adsorption　of　potassium　dichromate　was　mainly　through　pore　diffusion　and　redox　reaction.　These　findings　demonstrate　the　potential　of　geopolymer　microspheres　in　adsorbing　organic　and　inorganic　pollutants,　and,　through　five　cycles　of　experiments,　it　is　demonstrated　that　MGP　exhibits　excellent　recyclability.