Increasing　concerns　about　public　health　and　safety　after　covid-19　have　raised　pathogen　studies,　especially　in　aquatic　environments.　However,　the　extent　to　how　different　location　and　human　activities　affect　geographic　occurrence　and　distribution　of　pathogens　in　response　to　agricultural　pollution,　boat　tourism　disturbances　and　municipal　wastewater　inflow　in　a　degraded　lake　remains　unclear.　Since　the　surrounding　residents　depend　on　the　lake　for　their　livelihood,　understanding　the　pathogens　reserved　in　lake　sediment　and　the　regulation　possibility　by　environmental　factors　are　challenges　with　far-reaching　significance.　Results　showed　that　187　pathogens　were　concurrently　shared　by　the　nine　sediment　samples,　with　Salmonella　enterica　and　Pseudomonas　aeruginosa　being　the　most　abundant.　The　similar　composition　of　the　pathogens　suggests　that　lake　sediment　may　act　as　reservoirs　of　generalist　pathogens　which　may　pose　infection　risk　to　a　wide　range　of　host　species.　Of　the　four　virulence　factors　(VFs)　types　analyzed,　offensive　VFs　were　dominant　(＞46　%　on　average)　in　all　samples,　with　dominant　subtypes　including　adherence,　secretion　systems　and　toxins.　Notably,　the　lake　sediments　under　the　impact　of　agricultural　use　(g1)　showed　significantly　higher　diversity　and　abundance　of　pathogen　species　and　VFs　than　those　under　the　impact　of　boat　tourism　(g2)　and/or　municipal　wastewater　inflow　with　reed　marshes　filtration　(g3).　From　the　cooccurrence　networks,　pathogens　and　pesticides,　aggregate　fractions,　EC,　pH,　phosphatase　have　strong　correlations.　Strong　positive　correlations　between　pathogens　and　diazinon　in　g1　and　ppDDT　in　g2　and　g3　suggest　higher　pesticide-pathogen　co-exposure　risk.　These　findings　highlight　the　need　to　explore　pathogen　-　environmental　factor　interaction　mechanisms　in　the　human-impacted　water　environments　where　the　control　of　pathogen　invasion　by　environmental　factors　may　accessible.