Human　beings　encompass　sophisticated　microcirculation　and　microenvironments,　incorporating　a　broad　spectrum　of　microfluidic　systems　that　adopt　fundamental　roles　in　orchestrating　physiological　mechanisms.　In　vitro　recapitulation　of　human　microenvironments　based　on　lab-on-a-chip　technology　represents　a　critical　paradigm　to　better　understand　the　intricate　mechanisms.　Moreover,　the　advent　of　micro/nanorobotics　provides　brand　new　perspectives　and　dynamic　tools　for　elucidating　the　complex　process　in　microfluidics.　Currently,　artificial　intelligence　(AI)　has　endowed　micro/nanorobots　(MNRs)　with　unprecedented　benefits,　such　as　material　synthesis,　optimal　design,　fabrication,　and　swarm　behavior.　Using　advanced　AI　algorithms,　the　motion　control,　environment　perception,　and　swarm　intelligence　of　MNRs　in　microfluidics　are　significantly　enhanced.　This　emerging　interdisciplinary　research　trend　holds　great　potential　to　propel　biomedical　research　to　the　forefront　and　make　valuable　contributions　to　human　health.　Herein,　we　initially　introduce　the　AI　algorithms　integral　to　the　development　of　MNRs.　We　briefly　revisit　the　components,　designs,　and　fabrication　techniques　adopted　by　robots　in　microfluidics　with　an　emphasis　on　the　application　of　AI.　Then,　we　review　the　latest　research　pertinent　to　AI-enhanced　MNRs,　focusing　on　their　motion　control,　sensing　abilities,　and　intricate　collective　behavior　in　microfluidics.　Furthermore,　we　spotlight　biomedical　domains　that　are　already　witnessing　or　will　undergo　game-changing　evolution　based　on　AI-enhanced　MNRs.　Finally,　we　identify　the　current　challenges　that　hinder　the　practical　use　of　the　pioneering　interdisciplinary　technology.　©　2024　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.