High-temperature　particulate　matter　(PM),　commonly　produced　by　daily　power　generation,　industrial　smokestacks,　and　vehicle　exhaust　emissions,　causes　a　significant　risk　to　public　health　and　environmental　sustainability.　The　current　strategy　for　solving　these　problems　is　to　utilize　adsorption　filtration　technology.　In　this　work,　we　successfully　constructed　a　bioinspired　honeycomb　structured　aerogel　with　nano/micron　fiber-reinforced　polyimide　gradient　by　using　two　strategies　of　fiber-reinforced　filler　and　stepwise　directional　freezing　technique.　It　overcomes　the　high　shrinkage　of　polyimide　aerogel　and　exhibits　super　elastic　recovery　performance　without　damage　after　100　compression　cycles　at　50%　strain,　as　well　as　high　flame-retardancy　and　low　thermal　conductivity　(32.14　mW　m−1　K−1).　Meanwhile,　it　shows　excellent　air　filtration　efficiency　of　about　97%　and　pressure　drop　of　about　90　Pa　after　50　cycles,　as　well　as　an　excellent　oil/organic　solvent　absorption　performance　and　recoverability.　In　principle,　the　gradient　structure　with　gradual　change　shows　the　“medium　pore-small　pore”　cascade　interception　effect　in　the　direction　of　airflow　velocity　propagation,　which　successfully　achieves　the　selective　and　precise　interception　of　polydisperse　particles　and　the　stratified　accumulation　of　particles.　It　further　significantly　extends　the　filter　service　life　and　provides　new　insights　into　the　upgrade　of　new　high-temperature　filters　with　significant　research　implications.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd