Diet　is　known　to　be　one　of　the　main　sources　from　which　human　intake　many　environmental　contaminants,　for　example,　antibiotics.　To　determine　the　effect　of　dietary　factors　on　antibiotic　intake,　we　identified　the　levels　of　antibiotics　present　in　the　urine　of　the　general　population　from　two　regions　of　Shanghai.　Moreover,　we　assessed　the　amount　of　exposure　to　these　substances　and　the　health　risks　they　posed.　There　were　a　total　of　18　antibiotics,　which　were　sorted　into　five　categories.　Based　on　the　above,　we　used　the　Food　Frequency　Questionnaire　(FFQ)　and　demographic　data　to　evaluate　the　effects　of　food　consumption　and　demographic　factors　on　levels　of　the　antibiotics　in　urine.　The　results　found　that　food　sourced　from　animals　had　a　direct　relation　to　the　level　of　veterinary　antibiotics　or　preferred　veterinary　antibiotics　(VAs/PVAs)　detected　in　urine.　Those　who　regularly　consumed,　for　example,　meat,　milk　and　eggs,　had　considerably　more　VAs/PVAs　in　their　urine　compared　to　those　who　didn＇t.　These　results　demonstrated　that　animal-derived　foods　are　the　main　causes　of　unintentional　exposure　to　antibiotics　in　human.　Our　study,　therefore,　evidenced　that　more　attention　must　be　paid　to　the　residues　of　unneeded　VAs/PVAs　derived　from　animal-sourced　food.