Polyphosphate　(PolyP)　is　a　polymer　comprised　of　linear　phosphate　units　connected　by　phosphate　anhydride　bonds.　PolyP　exists　in　a　diverse　range　of　eukaryotes　and　prokaryotes　with　varied　chain　lengths　ranging　from　six　to　thousands　of　phosphate　units.　Upon　activation,　human　platelets　and　neutrophils　release　short-chain　PolyP,　along　with　other　components,　to　initiate　the　coagulation　pathway.　Long-chain　PolyP　derived　from　cellular　or　bacterial　organelles　exhibits　higher　proinflammatory　and　procoagulant　effects　compared　to　short-chain　PolyP.　Notably,　PolyP　has　been　identified　as　a　low-hemorrhagic　antithrombotic　target　since　neutralizing　plasma　PolyP　suppresses　the　thrombotic　process　without　impairing　the　hemostatic　functions.　As　an　inorganic　polymer　without　uniform　steric　configuration,　PolyP　is　typically　targeted　by　cationic　polymers　or　recombinant　polyphosphatases　rather　than　conventional　antibodies,　small-molecule　compounds,　or　peptides.　Additionally,　because　of　its　procoagulant　property,　PolyP　has　been　incorporated　in　wound-dressing　materials　to　facilitate　blood　hemostasis.　This　review　summarizes　current　studies　on　PolyP　as　a　low-hemorrhagic　antithrombotic　target　and　the　development　of　hemostatic　materials　based　on　PolyP.　©　2023　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.