Pursuing　the　high-quality　urbanisation　and　improving　urban　system　reliability　are　the　current　goal　of　urban　development.　Urban　resilience　reflects　the　reliability　of　a　city　in　coping　with　external　and　internal　disturbances.　Therefore,　the　urban　system　reliability　can　be　quantified　by　assessing　urban　resilience.　Simultaneously,　urban　resilience　assessments　can　identify　vulnerabilities　that　affect　the　urban　system　reliability.　Based　on　this,　targeted　decisions　are　proposed　to　enhance　the　reliability,　stability　and　safety　of　urban　systems.　This　study　constructs　an　assessment　indicator　system　to　quantitatively　estimate　the　reliability　of　urban　systems　and　develops　a　dynamic　urban　resilience　assessment　model　by　combining　it　with　a　dynamic　network　framework　that　accounts　for　time-varying　factors.　The　model　estimates　the　urban　system　reliability　from　a　resilience　perspective　and　identifies　vulnerabilities　in　urban　resilience.　The　applicability　of　the　model　is　verified　using　Fujian　Province　as　a　research　case.　The　case　study　uses　annual　urban　data　from　2016　to　2021,　which　is　outstanding　in　terms　of　data　objectivity.　The　results　provide　important　insights　for　practitioners　and　researchers　in　optimising　urban　resilience,　improving　urban　system　reliability　and　formulating　urban　development　strategies.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd