Towards　green　production　and　efficient　utilization　of　hydrogen,　developing　renewable　clean　energy　technologies　based　on　hydrogen　and　oxygen　electrocatalysis,　especially　water　electrolysis,　zinc-air　batteries,　and　fuel　cells,　is　of　vital　significance.　To　promote　their　energy　conversion　efficiency,　low-cost　and　high-efficiency　electrocatalysts　are　highly　desired　to　accelerate　the　sluggish　kinetics　of　hydrogen　and　oxygen　electrocatalytic　reactions.　The　emergence　of　metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　provides　new　opportunities　to　obtain　high-performance　hydrogen　and　oxygen　electrocatalysts　with　desired　composition　and　structures.　However,　most　of　these　MOF-based　electrocatalysts　are　powders,　resulting　in　limited　active　sites,　blocked　mass/charge　transport,　and　insufficient　stability.　In　this　context,　we　present　an　up-to-date　investigation　of　self-supporting　MOF-based　hydrogen　and　oxygen　electrocatalysts　with　a　focus　on　the　synthesis　strategy　and　application.　Finally,　some　personal　insights　into　the　current　challenges　and　potential　solutions　are　presented,　aiming　at　providing　some　guidance　for　the　design　and　synthesis　of　advanced　self-supporting　MOF-based　materials　in　hydrogen/oxygen-related　energy　technologies.　©　2023　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.