The　phosphate　fertilizer　industry　faces　increasing　environmental　pressures　related　to　phosphogypsum　disposal.　It　is　necessary　to　explore　the　impact　of　different　phosphogypsum　disposal　schemes　on　the　comprehensive　performance　to　promote　sustainable　development　in　this　industry.　We　propose　a　comprehensive　approach　based　on　emergy　analysis　and　carbon　emission　accounting　to　compare　the　impacts　of　different　phosphogypsum　disposal　schemes　on　phosphate　fertilizer　production　in　terms　of　environmental　sustainability,　pollutant　emission　impacts,　carbon　emission　intensity,　and　their　synergistic　effects.　As　a　case　study,　a　monoammonium　phosphate　production　enterprise　(phosphogypsum　storage,　Scenario　1)　in　Hubei　Province　and　three　other　scenarios　based　on　different　phosphogypsum　resource　utilization　practices　(Scenario　2:　monoammonium　phosphate　production　+　phosphogypsum　manufacturing　building　materials;　Scenario　3:　monoammonium　phosphate　production　+　phosphogypsum　manufacturing　fertilizer　filling　materials;　and　Scenario　4:　monoammonium　phosphate　production　+　phosphogypsum　manufacturing　cement　retarder)　were　investigated　using　the　proposed　approach.　The　results　show　that　the　three　phosphogypsum　resource　utilization　practices　could　enhance　the　synergistic　effect　of　the　integrated　system　to　different　degrees　relative　to　Scenario　1　by　improving　the　energy-use　efficiency　and/or　reducing　the　impact　of　pollutant　emissions.　Scenario　3　had　the　best　synergistic　effect,　followed　by　scenarios　4,　2,　and　1.　The　three　phosphogypsum　reuse　practices　enhanced　carbon　emission　intensity　to　varying　degrees　compared　with　Scenario　1　due　to　the　increasing　fossil　energy　use.　Those　phosphogypsum　reuse　practices,　based　on　nonrenewable　resources/energy　source　inputs,　caused　conflict　between　waste　reduction　and　carbon　emission　reduction.　This　study　helps　construct　an　integrated　approach　for　thoroughly　investigating　the　environmental　performance　of　an　integrated　system　consisting　of　phosphate　fertilizer　production　and　phosphogypsum　disposal,　thus　providing　a　decision-making　tool　for　the　phosphate　fertilizer　industry.　We　also　present　targeted　decision-making　information　for　phosphate　fertilizer　production　in　China.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd