Two-dimensional　(2D)　transition　metal　chalcogenides　(TMDs)　are　regarded　as　promising　materials　for　micro-optoelectronic　devices　and　next-generation　logic　devices　due　to　their　novel　optoelectronic　properties,　such　as　strong　excitonic　effects,　tunable　direct　bandgap　from　visible　to　near-infrared　regions,　valley　pseudospin　degree　of　freedom,　and　so　on.　Recently,　triggered　by　the　growing　demand　to　optimize　the　performance　of　TMDs　devices,　external　field　regulation　engineering　has　attracted　great　attention.　The　goal　of　this　operation　is　to　exploit　the　external　fields　to　control　exciton　dynamics　in　2D　TMDs,　including　exciton　formation　and　relaxation,　and　to　finally　achieve　high-performance　2D　TMDs　devices.　Although　the　regulation　strategies　of　exciton　dynamics　in　2D　TMDs　have　been　well　explored,　the　underlying　mechanisms　of　different　regulation　strategies　need　to　be　further　understood　due　to　the　complex　many-body　interactions　in　exciton　dynamics.　Here,　we　first　give　a　brief　summary　of　the　fundamental　processes　of　exciton　dynamics　in　2D　TMDs　and　then　summarize　the　main　field-regulation　strategies.　Particular　emphasis　is　placed　on　discussing　the　underlying　mechanisms　of　how　different　field-regulation　strategies　control　varied　fundamental　processes.　A　deep　understanding　of　field　regulation　provides　direct　guidelines　for　the　integrated　design　of　2D　TMDs　devices　in　the　future.　©　2023　Optica　Publishing　Group　under　the　terms　of　the　Optica　Open　Access　Publishing　Agreement.