Classification
445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 524 Solid Fuels - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Type
Of the 143 journals which published 405 publications, 51.7% (74), 21.7% (31) and 8.4% (12) of the journals contained 1, 2 and 3 publications, respectively. One quarter of the publications were published in 18 journals with the number of 4–9, and 32.3% of the publications were collected in 11 core journals. The top 20 most journals based on publications are showed in Fig. 2C, with a decreasing order of Water Sci. Technol. (24), Desalin. Water Treat., Energ. Fuel., Chemosphere, J. Hazard. Mater., Fuel, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., Water Res., Chem. Eng. J., J. Environ. Manag., Sep. Purif. Technol., RSC Adv., Environ. Sci. Technol., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Sci. Total Environ., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., Desalination, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., J. Clean. Prod. and Appl. Catal. B-Environ. In comparison, the top 20 most journals based on references cited in publications (Fig. 2D) showed that the most cited journals were Environ. Sci. Technol. (621), J. Hazard. Mater. (588), Water Res. (587), Chem. Eng. J. (483), Fuel (483), Bioresource Technol. (455), Desalination (387), Chemosphere (282), Water Sci. Technol. (260), Fuel Process. Technol. (248), Energ. Fuel. (242), J. Membr. Sci. (235), Sep. Purif. Technol. (210), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (209), Appl. Environ. Microb. (134), Sci. Total Environ. (133), J. Environ. Manag. (130), Appl. Microbiol. Biot. (129), Biotechnol. Bioeng. (123), and J. Clean. Prod. (122). The documents were published on 143 publication sources, which are ranked by h-index. The original definition of the h-index, proposed by Hirsch (2005), was that a scientist with an index of h has published h papers, each of which has been cited by other papers at least h times. This parameter provides an unbiased way of quantifying the broad impact and relevance of scientific findings. The impact factor (IF) is an international academic index for evaluating journals. Thus, we use five basic indicators to reveal the quantitative characteristics of these sources, including h-index, IF, number of citations (NC) of publications, number of publications (NP), and year when each publication started to publish the relevant documents in the field (i.e., Year of first publication). The top 20 publication sources with the highest h-index values are listed in Table S3 (Supporting Information). Regarding h-index, the documents that were published in Chemosphere show the largest influence on desulfurization wastewater research from 1991 to 2021, with h-index reaching 12, followed by J. Hazard. Mater. (h-index = 11), Energ. Fuel. (h-index = 10), Chem. Eng. J. (h-index = 9) and Water Res. (h-index = 8). The high total citation (523) revealed the high influence of documents that were published in this journal. Water Sci. Technol. which published the most publications in this field ranked the first with h-index of 7, despite its lowest IF in Table S3 (Supporting Information), while some high IF journals had a low h-index in the investigated field.Collaboration based on top 50 most corresponding author＇s countries, relevant affiliations, and most relevant authors is listed in Fig. 3. The top 20 countries were grouped into 6 clusters with different colors, according to the extent of collaboration (Fig. 3A). The size of the node represents the country＇s number of publications, and the thickness of the lines displays the strength of links between two countries (Marcal et al., 2021). China, and the USA were the largest research output contributors, represented by the network＇s four largest nodes, and China was a core country in the international cooperation network. The collaboration from China to the USA produced the most dominant publications (17), followed by China- Australia, China- United Kingdom (Table S5, Supporting Information). Countries including Netherlands- Italy- Spain, Japan- Malaysia- Mexico, Saudi Arabia- Turkey, France- Romania, Czech Republ
