Metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　are　a　class　of　fascinating　supramolecular　crystalline　materials　that　have　been　widely　developed　for　catalysis,　gas　storage,　illumination,　drug　delivery/cytoprotection,　and　so　on.　Recently,　MOFs　have　been　found　to　have　potential　applications　in　X-ray　detection　due　to　their　high　sensitivity,　fast　response　time,　high　absorption　coefficient,　and　radiation　stability.　In　this　review,　we　present　an　overview　on　the　fundamental　mechanism　of　using　MOFs　for　X-ray　scintillation.　We　further　discuss　the　recent　developments　in　X-ray　detection　based　on　indirect　X-ray　scintillation　and　direct　X-ray　conversion.　Finally,　we　provide　a　summary　and　a　perspective　on　the　future　of　this　promising　research　field.　[Figure　not　available:　see　fulltext.]　©　2022,　Science　China　Press　and　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Germany,　part　of　Springer　Nature.