Photodynamic　therapy　(PDT),　as　a　highly　selective,　widely　applicable,　and　non-invasive　therapeutic　modality　that　is　an　alternative　to　radiotherapy　and　chemotherapy,　is　extensively　applied　to　cancer　therapy.　Practically,　the　efficiency　of　PDT　is　severely　hindered　by　the　existence　of　hypoxia　in　tumor　tissue.　Hypoxia　is　a　typical　hallmark　of　malignant　solid　tumors,　which　remains　an　essential　impediment　to　many　current　treatments,　thereby　leading　to　poor　clinical　prognosis　after　therapy.　To　address　this　issue,　studies　have　been　focused　on　modulating　tumor　hypoxia　to　augment　the　therapeutic　efficacy.　Although　nanomaterials　to　relieve　tumor　hypoxia　for　enhanced　PDT　have　been　demonstrated　in　many　research　articles,　a　systematical　summary　of　the　role　of　nanomaterials　in　alleviating　tumor　hypoxia　is　scarce.　In　this　review,　we　introduced　the　mechanism　of　PDT,　and　the　involved　therapeutic　modality　of　PDT　for　ablation　of　tumor　cells　was　specifically　summarized.　Moreover,　current　advances　in　nanomaterials-mediated　tumor　oxygenation　via　oxygen-carrying　or　oxygen-generation　tactics　to　alleviate　tumor　hypoxia　are　emphasized.　Based　on　these　considerable　summaries　and　analyses,　we　proposed　some　feasible　perspectives　on　nanoparticle-based　tumor　oxygenation　to　ameliorate　the　therapeutic　outcomes,　which　may　provide　some　detailed　information　in　designing　new　oxygenation　nanomaterials　in　this　burgeneous　field.