Lightweight,　surface　hydrophobic,　flame　retardant　and　thermal　insulating　aerogels　are　highly　needed　for　energy　conservation　and　fire　safety　application.　Herein,　we　reported　silane　modified　MXene　and　polybenzazole　(F-MP)　nanocomposite　aerogels　prepared　by　using　sol-gel,　freeze-dry　and　thermal　treatment　approaches.　The　silane　molecules　produced　multiple　interactions　with　2D　MXene　sheet　and　1D　polybenzazole　nano-fiber　and　thus　effectively　promoted　the　formation　of　interconnected　network　in　the　nanocomposite　aerogel.　The　optimized　F-MP　aerogel　demonstrates　low　density　(30–70　mg　cm−3),　good　surface　hydrophobicity　(water　contact　angle　of　∼141°)　and　stale　mechanical　robustness　after　strain　=　50%　compression.　In　addition,　this　aerogel　exhibits　a　reliable　flame　resistance　and　structural　stability　even　after　60　s　flame　attack.　Meanwhile,　the　F-MP　nanocomposite　aerogel　shows　an　excellent　thermal　insulating　performance　and　structure　stability　when　compared　with　the　traditional　polymer　foam　materials.　This　work　provides　an　innovative　strategy　for　creating　hydrophobic,　flame　retardant　and　thermal　insulating　aerogel　materials,　holding　great　promise　for　extensive　applications.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd