Finding　functional　preparations　that　could　improve　the　bioavailability　of　calcium　is　one　of　the　keys　to　solving　calcium　deficiency.　In　this　study,　glycosylated　peptides-calcium　chelate　with　calcium　absorption　promoting　activity,　named　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-MR,　was　prepared　from　Crimson　Sapper　scales　protein　hydrolysates　(CSPHs)　and　xylooligosaccharides　(XOS)　via　Maillard　reaction.　Results　showed　that　amino　nitrogen,　carboxyl　oxygen,　and　carbonyl　oxygen　atom　were　the　primary　calcium　chelating　sites.　Remarkably,　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-MR　exhibited　good　calcium　phosphate　crystallization　inhibitory　activity,　gastrointestinal　stability,　and　could　promote　calcium　transport　efficiency　in　the　Caco-2　cell　monolayer.　In　vitro　fermentation　results　showed　that　XOS-CSPHs-Ca-MR　improved　the　gut　microbiota　structure　of　calcium-deficient　mice.　Its　prebiotic　effect　was　achieved　by　increasing　the　number　of　beneficial　bacteria,　boosting　the　production　of　short-chain　fatty　acids,　and　improving　the　colonization　ability　of　microbiota.　Therefore,　this　study　could　lay　a　foundation　for　the　study　of　glycosylated　peptide-calcium　chelate　as　a　novel　calcium　supplement　with　prebiotic　effect.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd