The　Belt　and　Road　Initiative　puts　higher　requirements　for　the　logistics　industry.　As　one　of　the　most　energy-consuming　industries,　logistics　is　a　high-carbon　emission　industry.　Its　impact　on　the　environment　cannot　be　ignored.　In　this　context,　how　to　respond　to　the　“Belt　and　Road”　under　the　concept　of　sustainable　development,　to　promote　the　logistics　industry　to　achieve　“low　consumption,　low　emissions,　high　efficiency”　of　regional　sustainability,　has　become　the　most　important　development　of　China’s　logistics　industry.　Therefore,　based　on　previous　research,　this　paper　establishes　an　input–output　index　system　and　uses　the　SBM-DEA　model　and　Malmquist　index　model　to　analyze　the　efficiency　of　low-carbon　logistics　in　17　provinces　from　2006　to　2020,　explore　the　overall　level　of　the　logistics　and　the　factors　affecting　efficiency,　and　compare　the　efficiency　in　different　periods　and　regions.　Then,　through　the　Tobit　regression　model,　the　four　main　factors　affecting　the　efficiency　of　the　logistics　industry　are　analyzed.　The　results　show　that:　(1)　The　highest　value　of　low-carbon　logistics　efficiency　of　each　province　is　1.0000,　and　the　lowest　value　is　only　0.0944.　The　difference　in　logistics　efficiency　values　among　provinces　is　large,　so　there　is　great　room　for　improvement　and　development　potential.　(2)　From　2006　to　2020,　the　low-carbon　logistics　efficiency　of　the　regions　showed　an　overall　upward　trend,　and　the　MI　index　values　of　each　province　reached　or　approached　the　DEA　effective　state.　Among　them,　technological　progress　has　a　promoting　effect,　while　scale　and　pure　technical　efficiency　have　hindered　the　efficiency　growth.　(3)　Economic　growth　and　industry　structure　have　a　positive　effect,　while　energy　consumption　and　government　expenditure　are　negatively　correlated　with　efficiency.　©　2022　by　the　authors.