A　novel　differential　chaos　shift　keying　scheme　with　transmit　diversity,　referred　to　as　TD-DCSK　scheme,　is　proposed　in　this　letter.　The　proposed　TD-DCSK　scheme　can　achieve　full　diversity　and　high　data　rate　by　advisably　designing　the　space-time　(ST)　block　of　the　transmitted　signal.　With　the　designed　ST　block,　the　transmitter　with　multiple　transmit　antennas　in　the　TD-DCSK　scheme　requires　only　one　radio　frequency　chain,　which　is　particularly　important　for　keeping　low　hardware　complexity.　We　derive　the　theoretical　expression　of　bit-error　rate　(BER)　and　diversity　order　of　the　TD-DCSK　scheme　over　multipath　Rayleigh　fading　channels,　and　analyze　its　hardware　complexity.　Simulation　results　illustrate　the　superiority　of　the　proposed　scheme　and　validate　the　accuracy　of　the　theoretical　derivation.　The　proposed　TD-DCSK　scheme　stands　out　as　a　promising　solution　for　low-power　and　low-cost　short-range　wireless　communications.　©　1997-2012　IEEE.