The　use　of　natural　plant　fibers　to　reinforce　cement-based　materials　has　attracted　recent　attention.　Compared　with　synthetic　fibers,　natural　plant　fibers　have　many　advantages,　such　as　green　environmental　protection,　light　weight,　low　cost,　renewable,　etc.,　and　are　widely　used　in　many　fields.　However,　natural　plant　fibers　cannot　be　directly　applied　to　cement-based　materials　since　they　are　easy　to　absorb　water　and　swell　and　have　a　poor　compatibility　with　cement　matrix.　Therefore,　a　proper　pretreatment　of　natural　plant　fibers　is　needed　to　improve　the　adverse　effects　of　natural　plant　fibers　on　the　properties　of　cement-based　composites.　This　review　represented,　recent　work　on　the　development　of　different　pretreatment　methods　for　natural　plant　fibers　(i.e.,　water　treatment,　coating　treatment,　steam　treatment,　alkali　treatment,　acid　treatment,　silane　coupling　agent　treatment　and　mixing　treatment)　based　on　the　structure　and　material　composition　of　natural　plant　fibers,　as　well　as　the　effect　of　the　pretreatment　method　on　the　properties　of　natural　plant　fiber　reinforced　cement-based　composites.　©　2022,　Editorial　Department　of　Journal　of　the　Chinese　Ceramic　Society.　All　right　reserved.