Over　the　past　decades,　water　scarcity　and　security　have　significantly　stimulated　the　advances　of　reverse　osmosis　(RO)　technology,　which　dominates　the　global　desalination　market.　However,　deterioration　of　membrane　separation　performance　caused　by　inevitable　fouling,　including　organic　fouling,　inorganic　fouling,　colloidal　fouling　and　biofouling,　calls　for　improved　RO　membranes　with　more　durable　antifouling　properties.　In　this　review,　we　analyze　the　correlations　between　membrane　properties　(e.g.　surface　chemistry,　morphology,　hydrophilicity,　and　charge)　to　antifouling　performance.　We　evaluate　the　three　key　strategies　for　engineering　fouling　resistant　thin　film　composite　RO　membranes,　namely:　(1)　substrate　modification　before　interfacial　polymerization,　(2)　incorporating　(hydrophilic/biocidal/antifouling)　additives　into　the　selective　layer　during　interfacial　polymerization,　and　(3)　post　(surface)　modification　after　interfacial　polymerization.　Finally,　we　offer　some　insights　and　future　outlooks　on　the　strategies　for　engineering　next　generation　of　high　performance　RO　membranes　with　durable　fouling　resistance.　This　review　provides　a　comprehensive,　state-of-the-art　assessment　of　the　previous　efforts　and　strategies　as　well　as　future　research　directions　for　engineering　antifouling　RO　membranes.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.