The　focus　of　this　study　was　to　elucidate　the　synergy　of　MOx　(M　=　La,　Ba　and　Zr)　and　phosphorus　additives　in　Pd/γ-Al2O3　catalyst　towards　methane　oxidation.　It　was　revealed　that　the　MOx　addition　as　a　second　promoter　positively　influenced　catalyst　performance.　The　generation　of　extra　MOx-PdO　interface　facilitated　the　crystallization　of　PdO　grains　as　a　result　of　the　change　in　the　interfacial　tension　and　then　the　contact　angles　of　palladium　nanoparticles,　yielding　enhanced　reducing　property　jointly　with　richer　palladium　step　sites,　which　preferred　catalysts　with　superior　activity.　Moreover,　MOx　dopant　provided　more　surface　oxygen　species　over　catalysts　due　to　its　electron-donating　effect,　inhibited　the　OH/H2O　accumulation　and　gave　lower　surface　acidity/basicity　ratio,　improving　both　activity　and　moisture-tolerance.　Amongst,　Pd/La-PAl　manifested　the　optimum　activity　and　excellent　durability　during　60-h　on-stream　reaction.　It　completely　catalyzed　methane　oxidation　at　around　310　°C　after　In　situ　reaction　activation　and　treatment　in　methane　atmosphere.　©　2021　Elsevier　Ltd