Reduced　graphene　oxide　nanofiber　(rGONF)　modified　by　anthraquinone-1,5-disulfonate　(AQDS)　(AQDS-rGONF)　was　prepared　by　one-step　hydrothermal　reaction,　and　nanocilia-like　polyaniline　(PANI)　grew　uniformly　on　the　surface　of　rGONF　under　the　guidance　of　AQDS　as　a　starting　point　of　polymerization　to　fabricate　successfully　PANI/AQDS-rGONF　composite.　The　results　showed　that　PANI/AQDS-rGONF　composite　had　a　larger　specific　capacitance　of　511　F/g　than　PANI/rGONF　composite　of　360　F/g　or　PANI　of　312　F/g　at　a　current　density　of　8　mA/cm2,　and　a　greater　electrochemical　stability　with　the　specific　capacitance　retention　of　82.4%　than　PANI/rGONF　of　63.2%　or　PANI　of　52.2%　after　2000　cycles,　which　were　closely　related　to　the　synergistic　effects　of　special　nanocilia-like　structure,　large　specific　surface　area,　rGONF　as　a　supporting　skeleton　and　AQDS　as　a　＇bridge＇.　In　addition,　an　asymmetric　supercapacitor　based　on　PANI/AQDS-rGONF　composite　as　cathode　was　assembled,　which　exhibited　a　high　energy　density　of　17.9　Wh/kg　at　a　power　density　of　907　W/kg.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.