Purpose　Organic　amendments　greatly　influence　soil　functions　and　biochemical　processes　that　are　driven　by　soil　active　microbiota.　Yet,　how　organic　fertilization　impacts　transcriptionally　active　microbes　and　impacts　soil　ecosystem　functions　is　still　largely　unknown.　In　this　study,　the　variations　of　RNA-based　soil　active　bacteria　and　multifunctionality　in　response　to　long-term　organic　fertilization　were　investigated.　Methods　We　selected　an　experimental　observation　station　with　the　application　of　organic　fertilizers　for　30　years.　High-throughput　sequencing　and　qPCR-based　SmartChip　assays　were　employed　to　explore　the　abundance,　diversity,　composition,　and　function　of　soil　active　microorganisms　under　different　application　regimes.　Results　Organic　fertilization　increased　soil　transcriptionally　active　bacterial　abundances　significantly,　and　changed　their　compositions　compared　to　control　treatment.　Of　the　differentially　active　bacteria,　Bacillus　was　the　most　abundant　genus　which　was　increased　by　organic　fertilization　dramatically.　Unexpectedly,　however,　the　impacts　of　organic　fertilization　on　the　active　communities　did　not　demonstrate　a　dose-dependent　response　at　the　RNA　level.　SmartChip　analysis　further　indicated　that　organic　fertilization　significantly　increased　the　abundances　of　25　functional　genes　associated　with　energy　metabolism,　organic　matter　degradation,　denitrification,　phosphorus　solubilization,　sulfur　oxidation,　and　sulfate　reduction　processes.　In　addition,　soil　multifunctionality　was　also　promoted　by　organic　fertilization,　and　such　promotion　had　a　strong　relationship　with　the　differentially　active　bacteria,　suggesting　that　the　variations　of　soil　ecosystem　functions　could　be　mainly　regulated　by　differentially　active　bacterial　communities.　Conclusion　Organic　fertilization　impacted　the　abundances　and　compositions　of　soil　active　bacteria,　and　increased　soil　multifunctionality.　Understanding　dynamic　changes　in　soil　active　microbes　is　therefore　crucial　for　managing　application　regimes　of　organic　fertilizers　in　agricultural　practices　and　evaluating　element　biogeochemical　cycling　in　soil.