Background:　Feedback　evaluation　of　actions　and　error　response　detection　are　critical　for　optimizing　behavioral　adaptation.　Oxytocin　can　facilitate　learning　following　social　feedback　but　whether　its　effects　vary　as　a　function　of　feedback　valence　remains　unclear.　Aims:　The　present　study　aimed　to　investigate　whether　oxytocin　would　influence　responses　to　positive　and　negative　feedback　differentially　or　equivalently.　Methods:　The　present　study　employed　a　randomized,　double-blind,　placebo　controlled　within-subject　design　to　investigate　whether　intranasal　oxytocin　(24　IU)　influenced　behavioral　and　evoked　electrophysiological　potential　responses　to　positive　or　negative　feedback　in　a　probabilistic　learning　task.　Results:　Results　showed　that　oxytocin　facilitated　learning　and　this　effect　was　maintained　in　the　absence　of　feedback.　Using　novel　stimulus　pairings,　we　found　that　oxytocin　abolished　bias　towards　learning　more　from　negative　feedback　under　placebo　by　increasing　accuracy　for　positively　reinforced　stimuli.　Oxytocin　also　decreased　the　feedback-related　negativity　difference　(negative　minus　positive　feedback)　during　learning,　further　suggesting　that　it　rendered　the　evaluation　of　positive　and　negative　feedback　more　equivalent.　Additionally,　post-learning　oxytocin　attenuated　error-related　negativity　amplitudes　but　increased　the　late　error　positivity,　suggesting　that　it　may　lower　conflict　detection　between　actual　errors　and　expected　correct　responses　at　an　early　stage　of　processing　but　at　a　later　stage　increase　error　awareness　and　motivation　for　avoiding　them.　Conclusions:　Oxytocin　facilitates　learning　and　subsequent　performance　by　rendering　the　impact　of　positive　relative　to　negative　feedback　more　equivalent　and　also　by　reducing　conflict　detection　and　increasing　error　awareness,　which　may　be　beneficial　for　behavioral　adaption.