In　this　study　the　chitosan/collagen/icariin　composite　scaffolds　for　nerve　regeneration　were　produced　by　blending　and　crosslinking　chitosan　with　collagen　and　icariin.　The　microstructure　of　the　composite　scaffolds　was　observed　by　scanning　electron　microscopy.　3-[4,　5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,　5-diphenyltetrazolium　bromide　and　attachment　assays　were　conducted,　respectively,　to　investigate　the　biocompatibility　of　the　scaffolds.　Cell　cultural　tests　showed　that　the　channel-structured　porous　scaffolds　acted　as　a　positive　factor　to　support　connective　nerve　cell　growth.　After　culture,　cells　showed　a　clear　flow　trend　to　move　close　to　the　composite　scaffolds　in　culture　solution,　arranging　in　spiral-like,　and　aligned　parallel　to　the　orientation　of　the　channel　structure　on　the　surface　of　scaffolds.　When　compared　to　pure　chitosan　and　chitosan/collagen　scaffolds,　Schwann　cells　and　PC12　cells　on　the　chitosan/collagen/icariin　composite　scaffolds　exhibited　the　greatest　proliferation　and　longest　average　neurite　length.　These　results　suggested　that　the　chitosan/collagen/icariin　composite　scaffolds　are　potential　cell　carriers　in　nerve　tissue　engineering.　©　2012　Springer-Verlag.