One-dimensional　(1D)　TiO2　nanostructures　have　been　regarded　as　ideal　candidates　for　solar　energy　conversion　due　to　their　unique　structural　merits　including　large　surface-to-volume　ratio,　fast　and　long-distance　charge　transport,　and　good　physi-co-chemical　stability.　Over　the　past　few　decades,　tremendous　interest　has　been　devoted　to　fabricating　a　large　number　of　1D　TiO2　based　heterostructures　for　extensive　photocatalytic　applications.　In　this　review　article,　we　provide　a　comprehensive　and　systematic　discussion　on　the　latest　developments　of　a　large　variety　of　1D　TiO2　based　composite　heterostructures　along　with　their　versatile　photocatalytic　applications　in　various　research　fields　including　nonselective　photodegradation　of　organic　pollutants　for　environmental　remediation,　photocatalytic　selective　organic　transformation,　as　well　as　solar　energy　conversion　for　fuel　production.　Furthermore,　future　challenges　and　promising　perspectives　for　this　increasingly　booming　photocatalytic　technology　are　also　presented.　It　is　anticipated　that　this　review　article　will　provide　enriched　and　useful　information　on　rational　utilization　of　the　outstanding　structure　and　electronic　properties　of　1D　TiO2　nanostructures　for　a　wide　range　of　photocatalytic　applications.　©　2018　the　Partner　Organisations.