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Tin oxide nanostructured arrays with different morphologies were grown on stainless-steel mesh substrates by a simple thermal evaporation process. It was found that the SnO2 nanostructures could be easily changed from nanobelts to nanocones, nanoneedles, micro-rods, ultra-long nanowires, and slim nanorods by controlling the parameters of growth temperature and N2/O2 flow. A model combining vapor-liquid-solid (VLS)-base growth and vapor-solid (VS)-tip growth was proposed to explain the growth of SnO2 nanostructures with manifold morphologies. Field-emission (FE) studies revealed that the morphologies of these patterned SnO2 nanostructures had considerable effects on the FE properties. Among these nanostructures, ultra-long nanowire arrays had the lowest turn-on field (~0.47 V/um) and the highest field enhancement factor (~8848). More importantly, the ultra-long nanowire emitters showed excellent FE stability with fluctuations within 2.7%. The enhanced FE properties may be attributed to synergic effects arising from the aligned structures of the ultra-long nanowire emitters, their smaller areal density and their highest aspect ratio (~12000). © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
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Ceramics International
ISSN: 0272-8842
Year: 2017
Issue: 8
Volume: 43
Page: 6096-6104
3 . 0 5 7
JCR@2017
5 . 1 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI HC Threshold:306
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:1
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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