The　effect　of　rare　earth　modification　on　tribological　performance　of　resin　matrix　brake　materials　under　different　working　conditions　was　studied.　The　results　show　that　the　friction　and　wear　properties　of　the　brake　materials　can　be　improved　by　adding　rare　earth　under　different　working　conditions.　The　tribological　performance　of　the　brake　materials　is　closely　related　to　the　load　and　velocity.　In　the　dry　friction　condition,　the　friction　coefficient　of　the　samples　decreases　with　the　increasing　of　the　load,　and　increases　with　the　increasing　of　the　velocity.　The　wear　loss　of　the　samples　increases　with　the　increasing　of　the　load　and　velocity.　In　the　water　lubrication　condition,　the　friction　coefficient　varies　with　the　load　and　velocity,　which　is　contrary　to　the　dry　friction　condition,　while　the　wear　loss　of　the　samples　is　not　obvious　with　the　change　of　load　and　velocity.　The　braking　stability　of　the　brake　materials　can　be　improved　by　adding　rare　earth　under　water　condition.　With　the　change　of　working　conditions,　the　primary　and　secondary　wear　forms　are　different,　and　one　wear　form　usually　induces　other　wear　forms,　which　further　affects　the　friction　and　wear　properties　of　the　brake　materials.　©　2017,　Editorial　Office　of　Transactions　of　Materials　and　Heat　Treatment.　All　right　reserved.