Social　dilemmas　pervade　daily　life,　business,　and　politics.　The　manners　in　which　these　dilemmas　are　resolved　depend　in　part　on　the　personal　characteristics　of　those　involved.　One　such　characteristic　is　Social　Value　Orientation　(SVO),　a　trait-like　predisposition　to　maximize　cooperative　(Pro-Social)　or　non-cooperative　(Pro-Self)　outcomes　in　social　relationships.　The　present　study　investigated　the　role　of　SVO　in　modulating　neural　responses　to　outcomes　in　a　type　of　social　dilemma　known　as　the　Chicken　Game.　The　Chicken　Game　models　real-world　situations　involving　two　parties　independently　making　a　decision　between　cooperation　and　aggression.　The　EEG　of　Pro-Socials　and　Pro-Selfs　was　recorded　while　playing　Chicken　with　a　computer　Opponent.　Two　ERP　components　were　extracted:　Feedback-Related　Negativity　(FRN)　and　the　P300.　Despite　no　behavioral　differences　in　decision　(i.e.,　cooperation,　aggression),　FRN　results　indicate　that　Pro-Socials　experienced　unreciprocated　cooperation　as　the　least　desired　outcome.　Further,　P300　results　show　a　main　effect　for　the　Opponent＇s　choice,　such　that　the　Opponent＇s　cooperation　was　more　salient　than　aggression.　Additionally,　an　interaction　between　the　Participant＇s　and　Opponent＇s　choice　showed　that　the　effect　for　the　Opponent＇s　choice　only　occurred　when　the　Participant　chose　cooperation.　None　of　the　results　for　P300　were　moderated　by　SVO.　For　both　ERP　components,　Pro-Selfs　showed　no　differential　responding　to　Chicken　outcomes.　In　addition,　FRN　magnitude　on　trial　n　predicted　choice　on　trial　n + 1　for　Pro-Socials,　but　not　for　Pro-Selfs.　P300　magnitude　on　trial　n　showed　no　relationship　to　choice　on　trial　n + 1.　Results　indicate　that　individual　differences　in　SVO　modulate　FRN　responses　to　Chicken　outcomes,　and　that　these　neural　reactions　may　have　utility　in　predicting　subsequent　behaviors.　For　P300,　there　is　no　evidence　of　SVO　modulation.　Our　general　pattern　of　FRN　responsiveness　in　Pro-Socials,　but　not　in　Pro-Selfs,　is　related　to　similar　findings　in　fMRI　and　EEG　research.　©　2017　Elsevier　B.V.