On　the　basis　of　the　definition　of　ecological　civilization　and　the　Opinions　of　the　CPC　Central　Committee　and　the　State　Council　on　Accelerating　the　Ecological　Civilization　Construction　and　with　reference　to　some　scholars’　and　research　institutions’　contributions,　we　selected　25　operable　evaluation　criteria　at　provincial　level　in　this　study　to　construct　an　evaluation　system　of　laterally　comparable　criteria　with　the　primary　criterion　featuring　land　space　optimization,　resource　intensive　use　and　ecological　environmental　protection,　and　to　conduct　quantitative　analysis　of　the　performance　of　China’s　provincial　ecological　civilization　construction　by　joint　use　of　analytic　network　process　(ANP)　and　set　pair　analysis　(SPA)　method.　On　this　basis,　with　the　performances　of　land　space　optimization,　resource　intensive　use,　and　ecological　environmental　protection　as　the　output　indicators　and　the　number　of　employees,　fiscal　expenditures　on　science　and　technology,　on　energy　saving　and　environmental　protection　as　the　input　indicators,　we　measured　the　ecological　civilization　construction　efficiency　of　provinces　(or　municipalities)　and　analyzed　indicators　input　redundancy　and　output　deficiency　with　data　envelopment　analysis　(DEA),　and　revised　the　evaluation　of　performance.　We　have　also　done　a　great　deal　of　work　on　exploratory　research　for　the　ecological　civilization　construction　pursuing　both　quantity　and　quality.　It　shows　that:(1)　there　are　24　provinces　with　scale　efficiency　lower　than　0.6,　accounting　for　80%.　Low　scale　efficiency　is　a　major　obstacle　to　improve　the　construction　of　ecological　civilization　in　most　regions;　(2)　when　it　comes　to　input　redundancy　and　output　deficiency　in　ecological　civilization　construction,　provinces　(or　municipalities)　with　higher　scale　efficiency　are　obviously　regionally　concentrated　in　geographical　distribution;　(3)　the　leading　regions　have　an　average　score　of　3.92　in　the　performance　of　resource　intensive　use,　while　the　backward　regions　only　get　0.84　on　average.　The　difference　is　evident　in　the　aspect　of　resource　intensive　use;　(4)　large　population,　green　ecological　space　construction　that　lags　behind　the　economic　development　and　low　water　utilization　efficiency　are　still　the　weaknesses　of　the　ecologically　strong　provinces　(or　municipalities).　©　2016,　Ecological　Society　of　China.　All　rights　reserved.