A　sustainable　and　easy　method　for　the　fabrication　of　a　composite　of　ultra-fine　few-layer　MoS2　structures　embedded　on　N,P-co-doped　bio-carbon　(MoS2-N/P-C)　was　developed　by　using　natural　chlorella　as　an　adsorbent　and　reactor.　This　MoS2-N/P-C　composite　was　easily　synthesized　by　carrying　out　a　biosorption　of　chlorella　and　a　subsequent　calcination　process.　This　bio-carbon　made　from　chlorella　acted　as　a　nanoreactor　to　prevent　the　MoS2　nanoparticles　from　agglomerating　with　each　other　during　the　calcination　process.　Besides,　the　N,P-codoped　bio-carbon　contributed　to　the　relatively　high　conductivity　and　surface　wettability　of　this　composite　and　accommodated　the　large　radius　of　Na+.　When　used　as　an　anode　for　sodium　ion　batteries,　it　showed　significant　superiority　with　a　high　rate　and　long-duration　cycling　performance,　evidenced　by　a　measured　capacity　of　175　mA　h　g-1　after　2000　cycles　at　5　A　g-1.　This　journal　is　©　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry　and　the　Centre　National　de　la　Recherche　Scientifique.