Most　of　the　industrialized　countries　are　moving　towards　the　fourth　stage　of　industrialization.　This　development　has　provided　immense　opportunities　for　industrial　sustainability.　As　the　largest　energy　consumer　in　the　world,　most　of　the　industrial　sector’s　consumption　is　in　the　form　of　electricity.　In　recent　years,　to　strengthen　the　peak　load　regulation　capability,　time-of-use　(ToU)　pricing　has　been　implemented　in　many　countries　to　encourage　consumers　to　shift　their　use　from　peak　to　mid-　and　off-peak　periods　such　that　their　energy　bills　can　be　reduced.　In　this　chapter,　we　first　introduce　a　basic　single　machine　batch　scheduling　problem　under　ToU　electricity　tariffs.　Then　it　is　extended　by　further　considering　machine　on/off　switching.　Finally,　a　single　machine　batch　scheduling　problem　under　ToU　tariffs　in　a　continuous　processing　environment　is　investigated.　For　the　three　considered　problems,　appropriate　mathematical　models　are　established,　and　their　problem　properties　and　complexities　are　demonstrated.　©　Springer　Nature　Switzerland　AG　2020.