The　development　of　electrode　materials　with　the　capability　of　balancing　kinetics　and　capacity　between　a　battery-type　anode　and　capacitor-type　cathode　is　still　a　grand　challenge　for　potassium-ion　hybrid　capacitors　(PIHCs).　Herein,　we　report　the　design　and　synthesis　of　phosphorus/nitrogen　co-doped　hierarchical　porous　carbon　nanofibers　(PN-HPCNFs)　that　feature　desirable　one　dimensional　(1D)　structure　and　favorable　electrochemical　properties　for　PIHC　application.　We　demonstrated　that　the　as-prepared　PN-HPCNFs　presented　a　highly　attractive　performance　in　terms　of　capacity　or　capacitance　and　durability　as　both　the　battery-type　anode　and　capacitor-type　cathode　of　PIHCs,　which　endows　it　with　great　potential　for　practical　application　in　full　PIHCs　by　delivering　a　high　energy　density　of　191　W　h　kg-1　and　a　high　power　output　of　7560　W　kg-1　as　well　as　an　ultralong　lifespan　(82.3%　capacity　retention　after　8000　cycles).　Systematic　characterization　analysis　and　first-principle　calculations　demonstrated　that　the　hierarchical　pores　in　the　1D　structure,　heteroatom　P/N　co-doping,　and　enlarged　interlayer　graphite　spacing　in　the　APN-HPCNF　contributed　synergistically　to　the　outstanding　electrochemical　performance　of　PIHCs.　©　2020　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.