Since　the　Belt　and　Road　Initiative　(BRI)　has　increased　the　economic　growth　of　many　developing　countries　in　Asia,　more　attention　should　be　paid　to　carbon　dioxide　(CO2)　emissions　in　these　regions.　Based　on　the　Tapio　decoupling　model　and　Kaya-LMDI　model,　this　paper　investigates　the　spatiotemporal　evolution　of　decoupling　and　driving　factors　of　CO2　emissions　of　57　BRI　countries　from　1991　to　2016.　The　results　are　as　follows.　First,　the　decoupling　statuses　of　higher　income　countries　are　generally　better　than　lower　income　countries.　Second,　Northeast　Asia,　South　Asia,　and　West　Asia　accounted　for　68.5%,　16.8%,　and　13.3%　of　CO2　emission　increases　in　BRI　countries　from　1991　to　2016.　Third,　almost　all　countries’　CO2　emissions　significantly　rise　due　to　economic　growth,　while　energy　intensity　reduces　CO2　emissions　to　some　extent.　Energy　exports　increase　CO2　emissions　to　varying　degrees　in　Asia　countries,　but　their　impact　has　gradually　fallen.　Except　for　Europe,　the　population　size　effect　increases　CO2　emissions,　especially　in　West　Asia.　China,　India,　Russia,　and　five　OPEC　countries　show　similar　characteristics　with　the　above　regions.　©　2020　Elsevier　Ltd