With　the　application　of　computed　tomography　(CT)　technology　to　the　clinic　diagnosis　and　image-guided　surgeries,　various　CT　image　reconstruction　algorithms　were　presented　for　enhancing　CT　image　quality　based　on　different　dose　acquisitions.　For　wide　and　effective　uses,　this　paper　is　going　to　provide　a　comprehensive　survey　on　representative　CT　image　reconstruction　algorithms,　in　the　light　of　low-dose　and　high-dose　acquisitions　and　algorithm　performance,　including　their　merits　and　limitations.　The　algorithm　performance　and　complexity　are　discussed　under　Gaussian　and　Poisson　noise　environments,　respectively.　Finally,　experimental　results　analyze　the　efficiency　and　performance　of　several　popular　CT　image　reconstruction　algorithms　in　terms　of　computation　time　and　accuracy.　©　2019　John　Wiley　&　Sons,　Ltd.