Characterized　by　large　scale,　variety,　fast　generation,　extremely　high　value　but　low　density,　big　data　can　be　used　to　mine　effective　information,　provide　users　with　auxiliary　decision-making　and　realize　its　own　value.　The　gap　of　traffic　resources　among　different　regions　will　affect　the　coordinated　development　of　regional　economy　and　widen　the　gap　of　wealth　among　regions.　Under　the　background　of　emphasizing　the　coordinated　development　of　regional　economy　in　China,　it　is　particularly　important　to　study　the　allocation　and　utilization　rate　of　highway　resources　in　China.　Based　on　the　data　of　31　provincial　administrative　regions　from　2000　to　2014,　this　paper　combines　the　Dagum　Gini　coefficient　decomposition　method　with　the　extended　distribution　dynamics　model　to　study　the　dynamic　evolution　of　regional　gap　and　distribution　of　highway　scale　from　the　perspective　of　“quantity”　and　“quality”.　It　is　found　that　the　gap　of　quality　is　more　severe　than　that　of　quantity　in　China.　The　quality　gap　between　East　China　and　West　China　is　the　greatest,　while　the　quantity　gap　is　smaller,　which　indicates　that　China　should　pay　attention　to　the　utilization　rate　of　highway　resources　while　emphasizing　the　rational　allocation,　and　check　whether　the　supply　of　resources　in　the　regions　with　busy　and　developed　logistics　services　meets　the　demand　while　promoting　economic　growth　by　improving　traffic　accessibility.　©　The　Author(s)　2019.