The　paper　examines　the　influence　of　the　Triple　Helix　system　of　university-industry-government　collaboration　on　regional　entrepreneurship　in　China.　Utilizing　proprietary　survey　data　collected　from　industrial　firms,　academic　institutions,　and　government　agencies　in　five　representative　Chinese　regions,　the　paper　finds　that　interactions　within　the　three　spheres　of　the　Triple　Helix　system　in　terms　of　trilateral　collaboration,　network　relationship,　and　complementary　synergies　all　have　positive　influences　on　regional　entrepreneurship　in　China　by　shaping　local　entrepreneurial　environment　and　fostering　entrepreneurship　activities.　The　paper　also　reveals　significant　regional　differences　in　the　functioning　of　the　Triple　Helix　system.　Specifically,　the　roles　of　trilateral　collaboration　and　network　relationship　are　more　salient　in　developing　regions,　while　complementary　synergies　are　more　effective　in　developed　regions.　This　study　contributes　to　the　burgeoning　literature　on　national　and　regional　innovation　systems　by　emphasizing　the　multifaceted　effect　of　university-industry-government　collaboration　on　promoting　regional　entrepreneurship.　It　also　highlights　the　role　of　regional　institutional　context　in　affecting　innovation　and　entrepreneurship　processes.　©　2019,　©　2019　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.