High　stress　in　surrounding　rock　mass　could　cause　serious　stability　problems　such　as　larger　squeezing　deformation　in　soft　rock　and　rock　burst　in　hard　rock.　The　support　system　applied　in　high　in　situ　stress　conditions　should　be　able　to　carry　high　load　and　accommodate　large　deformation　of　rock　mass.　This　paper　presented　a　new　yielding　rock　bolt,　called　tension　and　compression-coupled　yielding　rock　bolt,　which　is　promising　to　provide　support　for　both　squeezing　and　burst-prone　rock　mass　encountered　in　mining　or　tunneling　at　depth.　The　new　bolt　mainly　consists　of　a　steel　rod　and　two　additional　anchors.　The　steel　rod　is　a　round　shape　bar　with　varying　surface　conditions.　The　inner　segment　is　processed　into　rough　surface,　while　the　middle　segment　of　the　rod　has　smooth　surface.　Two　additional　anchors　were　arranged　on　both　ends　of　smooth　segment.　The　bolt　is　fully　encapsulated　in　a　borehole　with　either　cement　or　resin　grout.　The　rough　segment　and　the　inner　anchor　are　firmly　fixed　in　the　bottom　of　the　borehole,　while　the　smooth　segment　has　no　or　very　weak　bonding　to　the　grout,　which　can　stretch　to　accommodate　rock　dilatation.　First,　direct　quasi-static　pull　tests　were　performed　to　examine　the　load　capacity　of　tension　and　compression-coupled　anchor.　The　results　showed　that　the　coupling　action　of　tension　to　the　rough　rod　and　compression　on　the　inner　additional　anchor　by　grout　in　different　positions　can　increase　the　ultimate　bearing　capacity　of　inner　anchoring　segment　significantly.　Second,　the　performance　of　the　new　bolt　and　the　fully　encapsulated　rebar　bolt　was　tested　under　fracture　opening　condition.　Results　showed　that　the　load　and　strain　concentration　could　result　in　premature　failure　of　fully　encapsulated　rebar　bolt.　However,　the　smooth　segment　of　TCC　Yielding　rock　bolt　can　detach　from　the　grout　under　pull　loading　and　provide　a　larger　deformation　to　accommodate　rock　dilations.　Third,　shear　tests　were　performed　to　examine　the　deformation　mechanism　of　the　new　rock　bolt　under　fracture　sliding　condition.　Results　showed　that　the　smooth　section　of　the　new　bolt　specimen　can　deform　freely　to　accommodate　the　sliding　of　fracture.　The　maximum　shear　displacement　of　the　new　bolt　specimen　is　much　larger　than　the　fully　encapsulated　rebar　bolt　specimen,　which　is　promising　a　better　ability　to　accommodate　the　large　displacement　sliding　of　fracture　in　engineering　practice.　©　2019,　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Austria,　part　of　Springer　Nature.