Exploring　advanced　anode　materials　with　excellent　electrochemical　performance　for　rechargeable　batteries,　including　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs),　sodium-ion　batteries　(SIBs)　and　potassium-ion　batteries　(PIBs),　has　attracted　great　attention.　However,　low　electronic　conductivity,　severe　particle　agglomeration　and　lack　of　effective　synthesis　methods　have　still　greatly　hampered　their　rapid　development.　Herein,　we　initially　fabricate　a　novel　VSe1.5/CNF　composite　through　a　facile　electrospinning　method　followed　by　selenization.　The　electrochemical　measurements　show　that　VSe1.5/CNFs　can　enable　the　rapid　and　durable　storage　of　Li+,　Na+,　and　K+　ions.　When　used　as　an　anode　material　for　LIBs,　the　VSe1.5/CNF　composite　delivers　a　high　capacity　of　932　mA　h　g-1　after　400　cycles　at　a　high　current　density　of　1　A　g-1.　In　addition,　for　SIBs,　the　VSe1.5/CNF　composite　manifests　a　high　reversible　capacity　of　668　mA　h　g-1　after　50　cycles　and　an　excellent　capacity　of　265　mA　h　g-1　at　2　A　g-1　even　after　an　ultra-long　6000　cycles.　This　is　one　of　the　best　performances　of　vanadium-based　anode　materials　for　SIBs　reported　so　far.　Most　remarkably,　the　VSe1.5/CNF　composite　also　demonstrates　a　satisfactory　reversible　K+　storage　performance.　The　simple　synthetic　route　and　excellent　ion　storage　properties　make　the　VSe1.5/CNF　composite　a　great　prospect　for　application　as　an　anode　material　for　alkali　metal　ion　batteries.　©　2019　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.