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The adsorption of cis and trans 2-butenes on Pt(111) has been studied as a function of hydrogen coverage θ H by means of calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with the inclusion of dispersion forces. All hydrogen coverages have been considered, from 0 to 1.00 monolayer (ML). For each case, the di-σ and π adsorption geometries of the olefins have been compared at a surface coverage of θ C4H8 = 0.11 ML. Calculations of the Gibbs free energies of these systems have identified the most stable 2-butene isomer (cis or trans) as a function of coverage, temperature, and pressure. In particular, focus was placed on two sets of conditions, namely, one with a pressure of 10 -7 Torr, a temperature of 80 K, and a gas ratio (PH 2 /P butene ) of 25, similar to the conditions used in surface-science studies, and a second with a pressure of 1 bar, a temperature range of 300-400 K, and a gas ratio (PH 2 /P butene ) of 10, similar to catalytic hydrogenation conditions. With all selected functionals (PW91, PBE-TS, and optPBE), di-σ bonding was found to be the most stable for both isomers of 2-butene and for all hydrogen coverages except for θ H = 1.00 ML. At low pressures, 2-butene is physisorbed at low temperatures (≤125 K with PBE-TS and ≤90 K with optPBE); however, when the temperature increases, coadsorption of the butene with 6 H atoms becomes the most stable configuration of the system (θ H = 0.67 ML), and finally, 2-butene desorbs around 380 K, as estimated with PBE-TS (or around 325 K with optPBE). Interestingly, a switch in stability was observed with hydrogen coverage, from the adsorbed trans isomer being the more stable for θ H < 0.44 ML to the adsorbed cis isomer becoming the more stable at higher hydrogen coverages, in agreement with the cis-trans isomerization behavior previously reported for this system. At high pressures, the behavior is similar, but with transitions occurring at higher temperatures. 2-Butene is physisorbed until the temperature reaches 250 K, and desorbs above 500 K. At hydrogenation reaction temperatures (between 300 and 500 K), a hydrogen coverage of roughly half a monolayer was calculated (0.66 and 0.44 for 300 and 500 K, respectively). Our results confirm that dispersion effects must be included to properly describe the 2-butene and hydrogen coadsorption on Pt(111), as PW91 predicts that 2-butene is never adsorbed on the platinum surface. On the other hand, DFT calculations including dispersion forces such as PBE-TS or optPBE afford a good understanding of catalytic systems under both ultra-high-vacuum conditions and catalytic hydrogenation conditions. For this system, the PBE-TS results are in good agreement with experiments: they correctly reproduce the coverage in hydrogen and the configuration of the 2-butene adsorbate (cis-trans isomer). © 2018 American Chemical Society.
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ACS Catalysis
ISSN: 2155-5435
Year: 2018
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Page: 3067-3075
1 2 . 2 2 1
JCR@2018
1 1 . 7 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI HC Threshold:209
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:2
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WoS CC Cited Count: 0
SCOPUS Cited Count: 8
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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