Nanorod-like　phosphorus-doped　ordered　mesoporous　γ-alumina　(OMA),　which　has　abundant　ordered　pore　channels　in　the　nanorods,　was　rapidly　synthesized　through　a　modified　sol-gel　strategy　without　use　of　any　mineral　acids.　Highly　dispersed　Pd-based　catalysts　were　synthesized　by　taking　as-obtained　phosphorus-doped　OMA　materials　as　carriers　for　methane　combustion.　The　crystallization　temperature　of　γ-Al2O3　was　increased　by　phosphorus　doping.　The　surface　acidity　properties　of　γ-Al2O3　were　modified　upon　phosphorus　incorporation,　which　had　a　significant　effect　on　catalyst　activities,　and　this　influence　was　much　more　conspicuous　for　the　supports　calcined　at　high　temperature.　The　incorporation　of　phosphorus　adjusted　the　distribution　of　palladium　active　species　and　the　reducibility　of　catalysts,　synergistically　affecting　the　low-temperature　catalytic　performance.　Pd/6P-OMA　catalyst　demonstrated　enhanced　low-temperature　catalytic　properties　and　stability　in　the　13-cycle　stability　and　long-term　stability　tests.　During　the　reaction　cycles,　the　total　CH4　conversion　temperature　for　Pd/6P-OMA　catalyst　was　as　low　as　345　°C,　which　could　be　reduced　to　321　°C　via　hydrogen　reduction　treatment.　In　comparison　with　the　catalyst　without　dopant,　the　Pd/6P-OMA　catalyst　also　exhibited　higher　hydrothermal　stability　in　the　presence　of　excess　water　vapor　in　the　feed.　©　2018　American　Chemical　Society.