Articular　cartilage　defects　cannot　adequately　self-repair　because　of　avascular　and　complex　tissues.　Although　various　scaffold　materials　have　been　reported　to　promote　cartilage　repair,　challenges　remain　in　this　field.　In　the　present　study,　an　orientated　microtubules　scaffold　that　consisted　of　collagen,　chitosan,　silk　fibroin,　and　polylysine-heparin　sodium　nanoparticles　containing　transforming　growth　factor　β1　(TGF-β1),　was　constructed　using　a　unidirectional　freeze-drying　method.　The　collagen/chitosan/0.5silk　fibroin　scaffolds　showed　optimal　properties　via　the　evaluation　of　physicochemical　characterization,　mechanical　properties　and　biocompatibility.　The　collagen/chitosan/0.5silk　fibroin　scaffolds　containing　polylysine-heparin　sodium　nanoparticles　loaded　with　TGF-β1　(COL/CS/0.5SF-TPHNs)　could　control　the　slow　release　of　TGF-β1.　Simultaneously,　the　in　vitro　COL/CS/0.5SF-TPHNs　scaffolds　exhibited　not　only　an　excellent　biocompatibility　to　support　mouse　mesenchymal　stem　cells　(mBMSCs)　adhesion　and　proliferation,　but　also　exhibited　excellent　repair　effect　in　cartilage　defects　of　rabbit　models　in　vivo.　Our　results　showed　that　the　COL/CS/0.5SF-TPHNs　scaffolds　have　the　potential　to　induce　articular　cartilage　formation,　mainly　because　TGF-β1　could　induce　the　mBMSCs　to　differentiate　into　chondrocytes　and　osteoblasts.　Consequently,　the　current　study　can　achieve　cartilage　repair,　and　COL/CS/0.5SF-TPHNs　scaffolds　are　expected　to　be　potential　composites　for　cartilage　tissue　engineering.　Copyright　©　2018　American　Chemical　Society.