The　concept　of　nanomedicine　is　not　new.　For　instance,　some　nanocrystals　and　colloidal　drug　molecules　are　marketed　that　improve　pharmacokinetic　characteristics　of　single-agent　therapeutics.　For　the　past　two　decades,　the　number　of　research　publications　on　single-agent　nanoformulations　has　grown　exponentially.　However,　formulations　advancing　to　pre-clinical　and　clinical　evaluations　that　lead　to　therapeutic　products　has　been　limited.　Chronic　diseases　such　as　cancer　and　HIV/AIDS　require　drug　combinations,　not　single　agents,　for　durable　therapeutic　responses.　Therefore,　development　and　clinical　translation　of　drug　combination　nanoformulations　could　play　a　significant　role　in　improving　human　health.　Successful　translation　of　promising　concepts　into　pre-clinical　and　clinical　studies　requires　early　considerations　of　the　physical　compatibility,　pharmacological　synergy,　as　well　as　pharmaceutical　characteristics　(e.g.　stability,　scalability　and　pharmacokinetics).　With　this　approach　and　robust　manufacturing　processes　in　place,　some　drug-combination　nanoparticles　have　progressed　to　non-human　primate　and　human　studies.　In　this　article,　we　discuss　the　rationale　and　role　of　drug-combination　nanoparticles,　the　pre-clinical　and　clinical　research　progress　made　to　date　and　the　key　challenges　for　successful　clinical　translation.　Finally,　we　offer　insight　to　accelerate　clinical　translation　through　leveraging　robust　nanoplatform　technologies　to　enable　implementation　of　personalised　and　precision　medicine.　©　2017　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.