Sugar　cane　bagasse　ash　(SCBA)　is　an　abundant　byproduct　of　the　sugar　and　ethanol　industry.　SCBA　is　generally　used　as　a　fertilizer　or　is　disposed　of　in　landfills,　which　has　led　to　intensified　environmental　concerns.　In　recent　years,　SCBA　research　has　mainly　been　focused　on　utilization　in　construction　materials　due　to　the　abundance　and　pozzolanic　characteristics　of　SCBA.　In　this　paper,　a　comprehensive　review　of　the　state-of-the-art　morphology,　physical　properties,　chemical　composition,　and　mineralogical　composition　of　SCBA　is　presented.　Studies　indicate　that　SCBA　is　a　potentially　promising　construction　material.　The　applications　of　SCBA　as　a　pozzolanic　material,　a　new　source　for　preparing　alkali-activated　binders,　aggregates,　and　fillers　in　construction　materials,　are　summarized.　The　impacts　of　SCBA　on　fresh　and　hardened　concrete　properties　are　highlighted,　including　the　physical　properties,　mechanical　strength,　microstructure,　and　durability.　Key　factors　that　govern　pozzolanic　activity　are　discussed　in　detail,　including　calcination　and　recalcination　temperatures,　and　durations,　fineness,　loss　on　ignition　(LOI),　and　crystal　silicon　dioxide.　Finally,　further　research　on　the　optimal　and　broad　utilization　of　SCBA　in　construction　materials　is　recommended.　©　2018　by　the　authors.