In　this　article,　a　novel　composite　(Mg(OH)2　supported　nanoscale　zerovalent　iron　(denoted　as　nZVI@Mg(OH)2)　was　prepared　and　characterized　by　X-ray　diffraction,　scanning　electron　microscopy,　and　transmission　electron　microscopy　method.　The　morphology　analysis　revealed　that　Mg(OH)2　appeared　as　self-supported　flower-like　spheres,　and　nano　Fe0　particles　were　uniformly　immobilized　on　the　surface　of　their　＇flower　petals＇,　thus　aggregation　of　Fe0　particles　was　minimized.　Then　the　Pb(II)　removal　performance　was　tested　by　batch　experiments.　The　composite　presented　exceptional　removal　capacity　(1986.6　mg/g)　compared　with　Mg(OH)2　and　nanoscale　zerovalent　iron　due　to　the　synergistic　effect.　Mechanisms　were　also　explored　by　a　comparative　study　of　the　phase,　morphology,　and　surface　valence　state　of　composite　before　and　after　reaction,　indicating　that　at　least　three　paths　are　involved　in　the　synergistic　removal　process:　(1)　Pb(II)　adsorption　by　Mg(OH)2　(companied　with　ion　exchange　reaction);　(2)　Pb(II)　reduction　to　Pb0　by　nanoscale　zerovalent　iron;　and　(3)　Pb(II)　precipitation　as　Pb(OH)2.　The　hydroxies　provided　by　Mg(OH)2　can　dramatically　promote　the　role　of　nanoscale　zerovalent　iron　as　reducer,　thus　greatly　enhancing　the　whole　Pb(II)　sequestration　process.　The　excellent　performance　shown　in　our　research　potentially　provides　an　alternative　technique　for　Pb(II)　pollution　treatment.　©　2015　American　Chemical　Society.