In　order　to　explore　the　effect　of　graphene　surface　chemistry　on　electrochemical　performance　based　on　polyaniline-graphene　hybrid　material　electrodes,　four　different　polyaniline-graphene　nanocomposites　were　fabricated　with　graphene　oxide,　reduced　graphene　oxide,　aminated　graphene　and　sulfonated　graphene　as　carriers,　respectively.　The　nanocomposites　feature　various　structures　and　morphologies,　which　could　be　used　to　more　deeply　understand　the　morphology　and　structure　effects　caused　by　surface　chemistry　on　electrochemical　performance.　The　experimental　results　reveal　that　functionalized　electronegative　graphen　e　was　conducive　to　the　vertical　and　neat　growth　of　polyaniline　(PANI)　nanorods.　The　array　architecture　endowed　the　PANI-GS　nanocomposite　with　a　large　ion-accessible　surface　area　and　high-efficiency　electron-　and　ion-transport　pathways.　Meanwhile,　the　introduction　of　sulfonic　acid　functional　groups　accelerated　the　redox　reaction　with　doping　and　dedoping　of　the　PANI.　Thereby,　the　PANI-GS　nanocomposite　exhibited　a　high　specific　capacitance　of　863.2-1　at　a　current　density　of　0.2-1　and　the　excellent　rate　capability　of　67.4%　(581.6-1　at　5-1),　which　were　much　better　than　the　other　three　nanocomposites　produced.　©　2015　WILEY-VCH　Verlag　GmbH　&　Co.　KGaA,　Weinheim.