It　has　gradually　expanded　that　the　gap　of　energy　intensity　between　Chinese　transportation　and　the　average,　so　that　energy　saving　and　environmental　protection　in　transportation　industry　become　one　of　the　short　boards.　Based　on　the　panel　data　of　Chinese　30　regions　from　1995　to　2012,　we　use　the　stochastic　frontier　production　function　to　analyze　energy　efficiency　and　the　affecting　factors　of　transportation　industry.　The　result　proves　that,　the　energy　efficiency　of　Chinese　transportation　industry　is　in　an　overall　upward　trend　with　flat　W　type,　and　has　an　average　of　56.3%　of　the　energy　saving　potential.　There　are　significant　differences　between　eastern,　central　and　western　region,　it　shows　the　spatial　pattern　of　gradual　decline　from　east　to　west.　The　results　of　total　factor　energy　efficiency　are　more　conservative　than　energy　intensity＇s;　provinces　transportation　energy　efficiency　from　2004　to　2012　at　an　average　annual　rate　of　9.6%　divergence;　western　region　diverge　most　significantly,　the　average　annual　rate　of　10.7%　divergence;　economic　opening,　industrialization　process　and　human　resources　significantly　enhance　the　energy　efficiency　of　transportation　industry,　while　institutional　factors　and　government　intervention　is　significantly　inhibited,　and　the　level　of　infrastructure　are　not　significant.　Copyright　©　2016　by　Science　Press.