The　study　of　landscape　fragmentation　offers　promising　approaches　for　better　understanding　how　the　interaction　between　natural　conditions　and　socioeconomic　factors　generates　environmental　changes.　In　this　paper,　the　state　of　landscape　fragmentation　due　to　urbantransportation　networks　in　Fujian　Province,　China,　was　calculated　on　different　spatial　scales,　using　effective　mesh　size　as　an　index　for　fragmentation　degree.　The　relationship　between　fragmentation　degree　and　regional　socioeconomic　development　was　explored　to　detect　how　socioeconomic　processes,　such　as　urbanization　or　industrialization,　affect　landscape　change.　The　results　demonstrated　that　even　more　than　population　increase,　economic　growth　has　a　more　significant　impact　on　landscape.　Growth　from　all　three　sectors　(agriculture,　industry,　and　service)　can　significantly　accelerate　the　process　of　landscape　fragmentation,　and　those　from　industry　and　service　are　the　recent　actual　drivers　leading　to　a　fragmented　landscape　in　China.　The　results　also　suggest　that　the　widespread　influences　of　urbanization　on　landscape　do　not　always　need　to　be　negative,　as　is　the　widely　accepted　notion,　and　this　realization　might　be　helpful　in　slowing　down　the　speed　of　landscape　fragmentation　on　a　regional　scale.　Based　on　this　knowledge,　the　significances　of　this　work　for　urban　planners　and　policymakers　are　discussed.　©　2015　American　Society　of　Civil　Engineers.