This　paper　presents　a　new　earth-retaining　structure,　the　moso　bamboo　soil-nailed　wall.　Moso　bamboo　(including　branches)　is　employed　as　soil　nails　and　piles,　and　used　to　weave　bamboo　strip　grids　(replacing　rebar　grids)　for　sprayed-concrete　surface　courses.　In　this　paper,　the　design　and　construction　methods　of　this　structure　are　elaborated　using　laboratory　and　field　tests,　and　numerical　simulations　for　two　completed　projects　with　respect　to　stability　and　deformation,　respectively.　In-situ　tests　show　that　the　pulling　capacity　of　bamboo　nails　(with　branches)　increased　by　~2.5-2.8　times　in　stiff　soil　or　soft　clay,　respectively,　compared　with　steel-pipe　nails.　For　one　wall　in　soft　clay,　numerical　analysis　was　conducted,　which　verified　the　stability　of　the　bamboo-reinforced　system　(compared　with　the　soil-nailed　wall　constructed　with　steel-pipe　nails,　which　failed).　For　another　wall,　the　deformation　and　internal　force　of　the　structure　were　obtained　using　three-dimensional　(3D)　nonlinear　numerical　software.　The　prediction　agrees　well　with　the　measured　settlements,　and　has　good　accuracy　against　the　measured　horizontal　displacements.　The　study　indicates　that　the　row　of　nails　the　lowest　level　receives　the　highest　axial　force　(which　requires　the　longest　length).　This　trend　is　opposite　to　that　in　using　conventional　soil-nailed　walls.　The　moso　bamboo　method　renders　an　increase　in　the　depth　of　sliding　and　thus　the　stability　of　excavation,　which　failed　in　the　wall　constructed　with　conventional　steel-pipe　soil　nails.　DOI:　10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000634.　©　2016　American　Society　of　Civil　Engineers.