The　Fiber　Bragg　Grating　(FBG)　sensing　technique　is　suitable　for　a　wide　variety　of　measurements,　including　temperature,　pressure,　acceleration,　liquid　level,　etc.,　and　has　been　applied　to　many　bridges　and　buildings　in　the　past　two　decades.　The　fact　that　the　FBG　technique　can　only　monitor　and　measure　strain　data　for　most　cases　when　it　is　used　for　deformation　measurements　impedes　application　of　the　FBG　sensing　technique　in　civil　infrastructures.　This　paper　proposes　FBG　sensing-based　deformation　monitoring　methods　that　are　applicable　to　monitoring　beam　deflection,　column　inclination　angle　and　mortise-tenon　joint　dislocation　for　Chinese　traditional　timber　structures.　On　the　basis　of　improved　conjugated　beam　theory　and　geometrical　trigonometric　function　relationship,　the　relationships　between　the　FBG　sensing　strain　values　and　the　deflection　of　beam,　inclination　angle　of　column,　as　well　as　the　amount　of　dislocation　of　mortise-tenon　joint　are　deducted　for　Chinese　traditional　buildings.　A　series　of　experiments　were　conducted　to　verify　the　applicability　and　effectiveness　of　the　proposed　deformation　monitoring　methods.　The　results　show　that　a　good　agreement　is　obtained　between　the　values　given　by　the　methods　proposed　in　this　paper　and　other　methods.　This　implies　that　the　proposed　deformation　monitoring　methods　are　applicable　and　effective　in　the　health　monitoring　of　Chinese　traditional　timber　structures.　©　2018　by　the　authors.　Licensee　MDPI,　Basel,　Switzerland.